Small, branch-like airways that branch off of the bronchi. Lack cartilage rings. Regulate airflow and transport air to the alveoli.
Tiny air sacs at the ends of the alveolar ducts in the lungs, composed of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells. Serves as the sites of gas exchange where oxygen diffuses into the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses out.
Small passages leading from bronchioles to alveolar sacs in the lungs. Direct air into alveolar sacs
Clusters of alveoli, located at the end of alveolar ducts Facilitate gas exchange between air and blood.
A lipid-protein substance, coating the alveoli. Reduces surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse.
A flap of cartilage, located at the entrance of the larynx. Prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing.
Opening between the vocal cords, located in the larynx. Allows air to pass through the vocal cords for sound production.
Bony projections along the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. Warm, moisten, and filter incoming air.
Epithelial cells with cilia, lining the trachea and bronchi. Move mucus and trap particles upward toward the throat for swallowing.
Muscular passageway that extends from the nasal cavity to the larynx. Transports air and food; divides into nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
The cartilaginous “voice box” located between the pharynx and trachea. Directs air into the trachea and houses the vocal cords for sound production.
Windpipe supported by cartilaginous rings, extending from the larynx and bifurcates into the bronchi. Provides a clear airway for air to travel to the lungs.
The movement of gases from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Allows oxygen to move from alveoli into blood and carbon dioxide to move out.
Within the thoracic cage, muscles between the ribs. Aids in breathing by expanding and contracting the rib cage.
Dome-shaped sheet of muscle, separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Contracts to increase thoracic volume, creating negative pressure for inhalation.
Thin membrane covering the lungs, adhering the lung surface. Reduces friction and keeps lungs inflated.
Outer membrane lining the thoracic cavity, attaching to the chest wall. Provides structural support and forms the pleural cavity.
Lubricating fluid, found in the pleural cavity between visceral and parietal pleura. Reduces friction and maintains lung attachment to the thoracic wall.
States that the total pressure of a gas mixture equals the sum of the partial pressures of its individual gases.
States that gases dissolve in liquids in proportion to their partial pressures.